The
Audīle
The
Audīle River is the right-hand tributary of
the Pededze River in the district of Gulbene.
Its length is 18 kilometres. The size of the
basin is 75.2 square kilometres. Annual outlet
is 0.020 cubic kilometres. Average fall -
21 metres (1.17 m/km).
The source of the Audīte
is in the lowland of East Latvia, on the west
side of the Adzele hill, on the north of the
Lielais marsh where several ditches flow into.
At the beginning, the river is winding. Fall
- 1.3 m/km. In the place, where the river
flows into the Lubāna plain, its fall decreases
to 0.6 m/km. In the plain, the Audīle winds
its way through marshy - up forests and meadows.
In its lower reaches, the river has been regulated
and straightened. In the flood-plains, amelioration
of forests has been carried out.
The largest tributaries
are the Knerša (10 km) and the Grožupite (6
km).
The
Azanda
The
Azanda River is the left-hand tributary of
the Tirza River in the north part of the Gulbene
district, in the Augšgauja fall of the Central
Upland of Vidzeme. Length - 19 kilometres.
Half of its way the Azanda
flows through forests. In the upper course,
nearly up to Druviena - Ranka road, and in
the lower reaches, beginning with the border
of Druviena, the river has been dug anew and
straightened.
The largest tributaries:
the Sace (11km), the Saltupe ditch, the Kubuļupīte
and the Robežupīte with the Krācīte.
The largest populated place
is the Druviena village. It is separated from
the right bank of the river by a 0.5 km wide
zone of cultivated meadows.
The
Gauja
The
Gauja is the longest river in the territory
of Latvia. Length - 452 kilometres. The size
of the basin is 8.9 thousand square kilometres.
Annual outlet - 2.2 cubic kilometres. Fall
- 234.5 metres (0.5 m/km).
The Gauja rises in the Central
Upland of Vidzeme, in the Cēsu district, and
flows into the Gulf of Rīga north of Rīga.
In the Gulbene district, the Gauja flows through
Lejasciems, Lizums and Ranka villages. On
the bank of the Gauja, Lejasciems is situated.
The Gauja forms rapids in the distance of
6 kilometres from the "Krāces" (near
Velēna) to Sinole. The relative fall of the
river is 1.6 m/km. In the lower part of this
span, there is the territory of the Sinole
mills (total area - 2 hectares, width - 60
- 100 metres). In the upper reaches of the
Gauja, there are dolomite rocks in the river
bed. The river bed is very variable, with
many bends. In the upper reaches, the Gauja
winds its way around hills. Below Rēveļi,
it flows through the Trapene plain in the
direction of the north-east to Lejasciems,
and in the direction of the north-west to
the border of Eustonia. 30% of the basin is
covered with forests, 5% - with marshes.
The picturesque banks of
the Gauja, which are rich in historical, cultural
and nature monuments, attract tourists.
The tributaries of the Gauja
in the Gulbene district are: The Tirza, the
Saliņupīte, the Pīļupīte, the Uriekste, the
Palsa, the Egļupīte, the Pāpanupīte, the Lazdupīte.
The
Gosupe
The
Gosupe is the left tributary of the Tirza
River in the Gulbene district. Length - 19
kilometres. The river starts in the south
of Lizums, flows through it to the north and
further in the direction of the south-east.
In the upper reaches the river is dug anew
and straightened.
The largest tributaries
are: the Kaļupīte and the Isliņa.
The
Krustalīce
The
Krustalīce River is the right tributary of
the Pededze River in the Gulbene district.
Length - 24 kilometres. The size of the basin
is 104 square kilometres. Annual outlet -
0.026 cubic kilometres. Fall - 44 metres (1.8
m/km)
The Krustalīce River rises
in the north part of Krapa. It flows through
the eastern hillside of the Gulbene hill and
through the lowland of East Latvia. In the
large tracts of the forest to the north from
Gulbene, the river takes a stroll, changing
its direction to the southeast. It flows into
the Pededze River at Ostravieši. There are
large forests in the lower reaches of the
river. In its lower reaches, in the distance
of 12 kilometres, the river is regulated and
reconstructed as a draining-ditch.
The largest tributaries
are: the Āriņupīte (11 km), the Vienvārstes
brook (9 km), the Asarupe (13 km). In the
territory of the Gulbene town, it has a tributary
from the Valmes lake. There is also the Gulbene
mill - lake (size 2.4 ha).
The
Lāčupīte
The
Lāčupīte is the right tributary of the Tirza
River in the Gulbene district. Length - 12
kilometres. The size of the basin is 37 square
kilometres. It flows through the Gulbene hill
of the Alūksne plateau. The lower reaches
of the river is in the Trapene plain.
The upper reaches of the
river are called the Kamaldiņš. The Melderupīte
is the right tributary of the Lāčupīte River.
The
Liede
The
Liede River is the right tributary of the
Aiviekste River in the Madona district. Length
- 60 kilometres. The size of the basin is
358 square kilometres. Annual outlet - 0.106
cubic kilometres. Average fall - 47 metres
(0.8 m/km).
The Liede starts as a drain
2 km to the south from Krapa. It flows through
the Siladzirnavu (Liedes) lake and along the
south - eastern hillside of the Gulbene hill.
Average fall in the first 8 kilometres - 2-3
m/km, in the rest of the territory - 0.5 m/km.
From Jaungulbene (2 km to the west from the
east) to Dzelzava the river flows in the direction
of the southwest. Then it turns to the southwest
and flows through the Lubāna plain. Below
the Madona - Gulbene highway, at the length
of 48 kilometres, the Liede is regulated.
Before flowing into the Aiviekste at Lubāna,
the river changes its direction to the north
- east at the length of 12 kilometres. Then
it flows backward. There are large tracts
of forest in the lower reaches of the river.
Only along the very edge of the river, there
are meadows and fields. There are also rows
of oaks.
The largest tributaries
are: the Olene (6 km), the Kapupīte (6 km),
the Ušurupe (12 km), the Nidrīte (18 km),
the Mandauga (17 km).
In the lower it is twice
crossed by the Dzelzava - Lubāna road.
The
Mugurupe
The
Mugurupe River is the right tributary in the
Gulbene district. Length - 2 kilometres (including
the Mellupe - 23 km). The size of the basin
is 143 square kilometres. Annual outlet -
0.034 cubic kilometres. Average fall - 41
metres (1.8 m/km). Sometimes the Mellupe River
is considered to be the starting point of
the river.
The Mellupe rises to the
north from Gulbene as a draining - ditch.
It flows to the south - east through forests
and wide territories of the arable land near
Stāmeriena. Here the Līdumupe ( 8 km) flows
into the Mugurupe. Below the rail line Gulbene
- Abrene, there is a 6 - 8 metres deep valley.
The ground of the river is regulated.
The
Niedrīte
The
Niedrīte River is the left tributary of the
Nidrīte (Liede) River in The Madona and Gulbene
districts. Length - 18 kilometres. The size
of the basin is 20 square kilometres. Annual
outlet - 0.005 cubic kilometres. Average fall
- 13 metres (0.7 m/km). The Niedrīte rises
in the ditches of the Lielā Mārku (Ušuru)
marsh in the south part of it and gathers
waters on the north - western side of the
Lubāna plain.
In the territory of the
upper reaches of the river, there is also
arable land, but the rest of the territory
along the river is occupied by forests. The
river-bed is like a ditch. Sometimes the width
of the river is only 3-4 metres, but in its
lower reaches, before flowing into the Liede,
where the river is crossed by the Lubāna -
Cesvaine road, it is 6 metres wide.
The
Pededze
The
Pededze River is the right tributary of the
Aiviekste River. It starts in Eustonia. It
flows through the Alūksne, Gulbene and Madona
districts. Its length in the territory of
Latvia - 131 kilometres. The size of the basin
in Latvia is 1520 square kilometres. Fall
in Latvia - 65 metres (0.48 m/km).
The Pededze rises in the
Hānjas plateau. In Latvia, the right bank
basin of the river occupies a part of the
Alūksne plateau and the Gulbene hill. There
are a lot of forests in the basin, especially
in the territories close to the Pededze. In
some places there are rows of oaks. In 1977,
in the village of Stradi an restricted area
- Pededze oak growth- was formed.
In the Gulbene district,
the Pededze is a border river between the
village of Dauksti and the village of Sreadi.
It flows through the Litene and the Stradu
villages. Near Litene, in the distance of
10 kilometres, the Pededze flows through the
arable land, and the river - mouth is relatively
stable. Since 1920, above Litene a hydrometer
post is operating.
The hydroelectric power
station which was built at Litene in the 50's
of the 20th century dilapidated. The relative
fall of the Pededze below Litene is 0.2 m/km.
The Pededze River at Litene is crossed by
the Gulbene - Balvi highway and the railway
station. At the Krustalīces mouth - by the
Gulbene - Rēzekne highway.
The largest tributaries
of the Pededze River in the Gulbene district
are: the Audile, the Knerša, the Sita, the
Guldupe, the Mugurupe, the Krūzene, the Leščupīte,
the Krustalīce, the Melnupe, the Pogupe.
The
Paparze
The
Paparze River is the right tributary of the
Pededze River in the Alūksne and the Gulbene
districts. Length - 27 kilometres. The size
of the basin is 166 square kilometres. Annual
outlet - 0.046 cubic kilometres. Average fall
- 69 metres (2.6 m/km).
The Paparze flows through
the northern part of the Stāmeriena village
along the border of the Alūksne district.
The river flows out the Indzera lake in the
Alūksne plateau. It flows between the Malienas
and the Gulbenes hills. Between the Otes and
Ludza coniferous forest, it turns to the east
and flows into the Pededze below Jaunanna.
In the lower reaches, the river is 10 metres
wide.
The Paparze has a tributary
- the Rūdupe (9 km). Below the Otes mills
the river is crossed by the Alūksne - Gulbene
road. At Jaunanna, it is crossed by the Alūksne
- Litene road.
The
Sita
The
Sita River is the left tributary of the Pededze
River in the Balvu and Gulbene districts.
Length - 41 kilometres. The size of the basin
is 175.4 square kilometres. Annual outlet
- 0.042 cubic kilometres. Decline - 34 metres
(0.8 m/km).
The Sita starts in the southern
part of the Alūksne district, on the southern
side of the marsh. It flows through the Adzele
rise in the direction of the south - west.
The river flows into the Pededze several kilometres
above the mouth of the Mugurupe.
The largest tributaries
of the Sita River: the Apkārtupe (12km), the
Dzirla (23km), the Dvorupe (14km). At Sita,
the river is crossed by the Rīga - Vecumi
railway station and by the Gulbene - Balvi
highway.
The
Pogupe
The
Pogupe is the left tributary of the Mugurupe
river in the Gulbene district. Length - 23
kilometres. The size of the basin is 84 square
kilometres. Annual outlet - 0.021 cubic kilometres.
Average fall - 23 metres (1m/km).
The Pogupe River flows from
the Ludza lake and flows in the south direction
through the Stāmeriena and the Pogas lakes.
The northern part of the river basin is situated
on the Gulbene hill, its southern part - on
the Andzele rise. The river-bed is regulated.
In the upper reaches of the river it is 4
metres wide, in the lower reaches - up to
7 metres.
Between the Stāmerienas
and the Pogas lakes there are the Stāmerienas
mills. The left tributary Kaugurupīte (14
km) in the lower reaches of the river is a
straightened draining - ditch.
The
Sudaliņa
The
Sudaliņa River is the right tributary of the
Tirza River in the Gulbene district. Length
- 9 kilometres. The size of the basin is 147
square kilometres. The river flows out from
the Sudulezers and flows into the Tirza River
at Lejasciems. The largest part of the river
basin is situated in the Trapene plain, but
its eastern bank occupies the western hillside
of the Gulbene hill. In the river bed, there
is the Lejasdzirnavu weir and reservoir. The
largest tributary is the Mudaža.
The
Tirza
The
Tirza River is the right tributary of the
Gauja River in the Cēsu, Madona, Gulbene districts.
Length - 80 kilometres. The size of the basin
is 754 square kilometres. Annual outlet -
0.18 cubic kilometres. Average fall - 157
metres (2.0 m/km).
The Tirza flows out of the
Ezernieku lake in the central part of the
Piebalga hill. In the Gulbene district, the
Tirza flows along the border of the Tirza
village, through the villages of Galgauska,
Lejasciems and Tirza. Nearly to Pērle (Liezēre
- Druviena road), the Tirza continues winding
the hollows, located between the hills.
These hollows are covered
with forests. Farther, it reaches a wide valley,
which is occupied by meadows, here and there
by forests. In several places (at the Vilaune,
Azanda, Virāne estuaries), the Tirza has got
sharp curves with small islands here and there.
Approaching the village of Tirza, where we
see Devon rocks by the river-side, the valley
of the river gets narrower, and the curves
are not so sharp any more. The outcrops of
Devon rocks are also seen within the distance
from Tirza to Galgauska. There had been a
water mill at Galgauska. There are also a
lot of curves in the lower reaches of the
river at the Lāčupīte estuary.
The Tirza flows into the
Gauja at Lejasciems.The river is crossed by
the Ieriķi - Gulbene rail line, the Smiltene
- Gulbene highway, at Lejasciems - by the
Smiltene - Alūksne highway.
The
Uriekste
The
Uriekste River is the right tributary of the
Gauja River in the Gulbene district.
Length - 23 kilometres. The size of the basin
is 56 square kilometres. Annual outlet - 0.014
cubic metres. Average fall - 32 metres (1.4
m/km). The Uriekste River starts some kilometres
to the south - west from Lizums. It is formed
by the confluence of two ditches.The river
basin is situated in the Augšgauja lowland
and the Trapene plain. The river winds through
the forests. The Radžupīte River is the tributary
of the Tirza. The Tirza River flows into the
Gauja at Velena. In its upper reaches, the
river is crossed by the Ieriki - Gulbene rail
line. Near the estuary, it is crossed by the
Smiltene - Gulbene highway. Above this road,
the river has a 0.4 kilometres long and 0.1
kilometres wide reservoir.
The
Tirziņa
The
Tirziņa River is the left tributary of the
Gauja River in the Gulbene and Alūksne districts.
Length - 18 kilometres. The size of the basin
is 125 kilometres. Annual outlet - 0.029 cubic
metres. Average fall - 15 metres. (0.8 m/km).
The Tirziņa River is formed by the confluence
of the Svārbe (7 km) and the Zellene (5 km).
The river basin is situated in the Trapene
plain. The Tirziņa River flows from the south
to the north. The ground of the river is regulated
throughout its length. The banks of the rivers
are covered with forests. Only near the estuary
of the Ilgupīte, there are fields.
The largest tributaries
are: the Dzelzupīte (9 km), the Ilgupīte (7
km). Near the estuary, the river is crossed
by the Lizums - Vidzeme highway.
The
Vidaga
The
Vidaga River is the left tributary of the
Gauja River in the Alūksne, Gulbene and Valka
districts. Length - 24 kilometres. The size
of the basin is 116 square kilometres. Annual
outlet - 0.028 cubic kilometres. Average fall
- 51 metres (2.1 m/km).
The Vidaga River flows through
the Trapene plain from the south to the north.
There are a lot of forests in the basin. The
river is formed by the confluence of the Irbupīte
and the Baltupe. The Irbupīte starts in the
forests of Lejasciems, 3 kilometres from the
Lāču lake. The Baltupe starts in the Vaguļu
forest and flows along the border of the Gulbene
and Valka districts. The largest tributary
of the Vidaga is the Niedrupe River (14 km).
Near the Gauja, the Vidaga flows through the
Vidaga mill - lake.
The
Vijata
The
Vijata River is the right tributary of the
Tirza River in the Gulbene district. Length
- 18 kilometres. The size of the basin is
55.4 square kilometres. Annual outlet - 0.013
cubic kilometres. Average fall - 46 metres
(2.5 m/km). The Vijata River winds through
the Gulbene hill from the south to the north.
Only the lower is situated in the Trapene
plain.
The largest tributaries
are: the Mālupe, the Džergzdaune, the Alaune,
the Krijupīte, the Melnupīte. In Veiši the
Vijata River is crossed by the Gulbene - Tirza
road. Below Viši - by the Rīga - Žīguri railway
line.
The
Vilaune
The
Vilaune River is the left tributary of the
Tirza River in the Cēsu and Gulbene districts.
Length - 18 kilometres. The size of the basin
is 61 square kilometres. Annual outlet - 0.018
cubic kilometres. Average fall - 84 metres
(4.7 m/km). The Vilaune rises in the eastern
part of the Piebalga hill to the southwest
from Boļi. The largest tributaries are: the
Labā Vilaune and the Tocupīte. In Pērle, the
river has a mill-lake. The Vilaune is crossed
by the Liezēre - Druviena road.
